Remoción de mercurio por bacterias nativas aislada de relaves mineros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51252/reacae.v5i1.1134Palabras clave:
bacterias, metilmercurio, pseudomonas, relave, remociónResumen
La contaminación por mercurio en zonas mineras representa un grave problema ambiental que afecta la salud humana y altera las propiedades fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del suelo, facilitando la entrada de compuestos tóxicos como el metilmercurio en la cadena trófica. Ante esta problemática, se evaluó la eficiencia de remoción de mercurio mediante bacterias nativas aisladas de relaves mineros. De cinco cepas obtenidas, se seleccionaron dos (PA-RM01 y PA-RM03) por sus adaptaciones al ambiente contaminado y similitudes con el género Pseudomonas. Estas cepas fueron aplicadas en distintas dosis a muestras de 50 g de relaves, incubadas a 37°C por 24, 48 y 72 horas, incluyendo un control sin bacterias. El crecimiento bacteriano estuvo limitado por la disponibilidad inicial de materia orgánica y nutrientes. El tratamiento más eficaz fue el T2 (PA-RM01 con 1,67 ml), que logró una remoción de mercurio del 80,48 % a las 72 horas. Los resultados destacan el potencial de las bacterias nativas como una estrategia sostenible y efectiva para la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con mercurio en contextos mineros.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Lisseth Jazmin Huayhua-Mamani, Eddy Denilson Condori-Pari
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