Caracterización Fisicoquímica y Sensorial de 20 Genotipos de Cacao Silvestre del Banco de germoplasma del Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales-ICT, Perú

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51252/raa.v5i2.924

Palabras clave:

composición fisicoquímica, genotipos silvestres, perfil aromático, perfil sensorial, variabilidad genética

Resumen

El cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) es un cultivo clave para la economía y sociedad del Perú, con una amplia diversidad genética, especialmente en la Amazonía. Sin embargo, muchos genotipos silvestres aún no han sido caracterizados, limitando su aprovechamiento. Este estudio evaluó 20 genotipos de cacao silvestre de siete cuencas fluviales en Loreto, Perú, a través de análisis físicos, químicos y sensoriales. Las muestras, provenientes del banco de germoplasma del Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), fueron analizadas en términos de tamaño de grano, humedad, grasa, acidez, pH y cadmio. Se encontró una fuerte correlación entre genotipos, con algunos superando a variedades comerciales en el índice de frijol, lo que sugiere su potencial para la industria chocolatera. El contenido de grasa osciló entre 41.6% y 56.9%, dentro del rango ideal para chocolate de alta calidad, mientras que los niveles de cadmio se mantuvieron por debajo de los límites europeos. El análisis sensorial identificó perfiles de sabor bien definidos, con los genotipos PAS-100, MACH-26 y AYP-1 destacándose por su complejidad aromática. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de conservar la biodiversidad del cacao silvestre y su potencial en la producción de chocolate premium, incentivando más estudios sobre su valor genético e industrial.

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Publicado

2025-07-20

Cómo citar

Medina-Ramírez, M. E., Arévalo-Gardini, E., Arévalo-Hernández, C. O., Mendieta-Taboada, O. W., Baligar, V., & Zhang, D. (2025). Caracterización Fisicoquímica y Sensorial de 20 Genotipos de Cacao Silvestre del Banco de germoplasma del Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales-ICT, Perú. Revista Agrotecnológica Amazónica, 5(2), e924. https://doi.org/10.51252/raa.v5i2.924