Role of Nano-biosensor in Crop Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51252/raa.v6i2.1637Keywords:
Biosensor, Nano-biosensor, Plant Protection, Transducers, Pathogen Biosensing, Nano-FarmingAbstract
Biosensors represent a powerful analytical technology that integrates biological sensing elements with physical or chemical transducers to detect and quantify diverse analytes. In agriculture, they play a pivotal role in plant protection by enabling early diagnosis of pathogens, pests, toxins, and environmental stressors, thereby supporting sustainable crop management. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the emergence of nano biosensors, which deliver superior sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection capabilities. Constructed from nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes, thin films, polymers, and metal nanoparticles, these devices provide high-throughput sensing with minimal resource requirements. Applications span from monitoring soil moisture and irrigation efficiency to detecting pollutants, pathogens, and stress responses in crops. Nanotechnology also extends to precision farming through nano-enabled fertilizers, which enhance nutrient uptake efficiency while reducing environmental contamination. Furthermore, nanomaterials improve seed germination, crop growth, and stress tolerance by boosting enzymatic activity, water absorption, and antioxidant defence systems. The integration of biosensors and nano-formulations has revolutionized approaches to disease detection, nutrient management, and environmental monitoring. Collectively, these innovations highlight the transformative potential of biosensors and nanotechnology in modern agriculture, offering cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable solutions to enhance productivity, safeguard ecosystems, and mitigate challenges posed by biotic and abiotic stresses.
Downloads
References
Ariffin, S. A. B., Adam, T., Hashim, U., Faridah Sfaridah, S., Zamri, I., & Uda, M. N. A. (2013). Plant Diseases Detection Using Nanowire as Biosensor Transducer. Advanced Materials Research, 832, 113–117. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832.113
Aziz, A. T., Alshehri, M. A., Panneerselvam, C., Murugan, K., Trivedi, S., Mahyoub, J. A., Hassan, M. M., Maggi, F., Sut, S., Dall’Acqua, S., Canale, A., & Benelli, G. (2018). The desert wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba) – From Arabian folk medicine to a source of green and effective nanoinsecticides against mosquito vectors. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 180, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.012
Bala, R., Dhingra, S., Kumar, M., Bansal, K., Mittal, S., Sharma, R. K., & Wangoo, N. (2017). Detection of organophosphorus pesticide – Malathion in environmental samples using peptide and aptamer based nanoprobes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 311, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.070
Berger, S., Sinha, A. K., & Roitsch, T. (2007). Plant physiology meets phytopathology: plant primary metabolism and plant pathogen interactions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(15–16), 4019–4026. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm298
Bhardwaj, J., Devarakonda, S., Kumar, S., & Jang, J. (2017). Development of a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor using an antibody-single walled carbon nanotubes bio-conjugate modified electrode for label-free detection of foodborne pathogens. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 253, 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.06.108
Boa, E. (2003). An Illustrated Guide to The State of Health of Trees: Recognition and Interpretation of Symptoms and Damage. FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/591fbb33-40e1-499e-bed4-0858052a20cc/content
Bosch, M. E., Sánchez, A. J. R., Rojas, F. S., & Ojeda, C. B. (2007). Recent Development in Optical Fiber Biosensors. Sensors, 7(6), 797–859. https://doi.org/10.3390/s7060797
Bushdid, C., Magnasco, M. O., Vosshall, L. B., & Keller, A. (2014). Humans Can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli. Science, 343(6177), 1370–1372. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1249168
Byzova, N. A., Vinogradova, S. V., Porotikova, E. V., Terekhova, U. D., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2018). Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus. Biosensors, 8(4), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8040111
Byzova, N. A., Zherdev, A. V., Khlebtsov, B. N., Burov, A. M., Khlebtsov, N. G., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2020). Advantages of Highly Spherical Gold Nanoparticles as Labels for Lateral Flow Immunoassay. Sensors, 20(12), 3608. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123608
Calabretta, M. M., Zangheri, M., Calabria, D., Lopreside, A., Montali, L., Marchegiani, E., Trozzi, I., Guardigli, M., Mirasoli, M., & Michelini, E. (2021). Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection. Sensors, 21(13), 4309. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134309
Chaicham, C., Tuntulani, T., Promarak, V., & Tomapatanaget, B. (2019). Effective GQD/AuNPs nanosensors for selectively bifunctional detection of lysine and cysteine under different photophysical properties. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 282, 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.150
Chandrasekaran, R., Rajiv, P., & Abd-Elsalam, K. A. (2020). Carbon nanotubes: Plant gene delivery and genome editing. In Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications (pp. 279–296). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819786-8.00014-1
Charbgoo, F., Nejabat, M., Abnous, K., Soltani, F., Taghdisi, S. M., Alibolandi, M., Thomas Shier, W., Steele, T. W. J., & Ramezani, M. (2018). Gold nanoparticle should understand protein corona for being a clinical nanomaterial. Journal of Controlled Release, 272, 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.002
Christopher, F. C., Kumar, P. S., Christopher, F. J., Joshiba, G. J., & Madhesh, P. (2020). Recent advancements in rapid analysis of pesticides using nano biosensors: A present and future perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, 122356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122356
Das, C. K., Srivastava, G., Dubey, A., Roy, M., Jain, S., Sethy, N. K., Saxena, M., Harke, S., Sarkar, S., Misra, K., Singh, S. K., Bhargava, K., Philip, D., & Das, M. (2016). Nano-iron pyrite seed dressing: a sustainable intervention to reduce fertilizer consumption in vegetable (beetroot, carrot), spice (fenugreek), fodder (alfalfa), and oilseed (mustard, sesamum) crops. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 1(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-016-0002-7
Das, S., Agarwal, D. K., Mandal, B., Rao, V. R., & Kundu, T. (2021). Detection of the Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Using an Attenuated Total Reflection-Mediated Localized Surface-Plasmon-Resonance-Based Optical Platform. ACS Omega, 6(27), 17413–17423. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c01702
Diaconu, M., Pavel, L. V., Hlihor, R.-M., Rosca, M., Fertu, D. I., Lenz, M., Corvini, P. X., & Gavrilescu, M. (2020). Characterization of heavy metal toxicity in some plants and microorganisms—A preliminary approach for environmental bioremediation. New Biotechnology, 56, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2020.01.003
Du, W., Yang, J., Peng, Q., Liang, X., & Mao, H. (2019). Comparison study of zinc nanoparticles and zinc sulphate on wheat growth: From toxicity and zinc biofortification. Chemosphere, 227, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.168
Esyanti, R. R., Zaskia, H., Amalia, A., & Nugrahapraja, dan H. (2019). Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Coating as Post-harvest Technology in Banana. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1204, 012109. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1204/1/012109
Gascón, J., Oubiña, A., & Barceló, D. (1997). Detection of endocrine-disrupting pesticides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): application to atrazine. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 16(10), 554–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(97)00051-4
Ge, X., Asiri, A. M., Du, D., Wen, W., Wang, S., & Lin, Y. (2014). Nanomaterial-enhanced paper-based biosensors. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 58, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.008
Ghodeswar, U. S., Joshi, K. V., Waje, M. G., Patil, T. R., Upadhye, S., Shelke, N., Isleem, H. F., Jangir, P., Arpita, & Vairagade, V. S. (2025). Sensitivity Improved Plasmonic Biosensors with Coupling Quantum-Dots for Optimization of Biosensing Process: Application in Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring Processes. Plasmonics, 20(11), 9521–9538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03027-y
Ghormade, V., Deshpande, M. V., & Paknikar, K. M. (2011). Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants. Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 792–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.007
Giannousi, K., Avramidis, I., & Dendrinou-Samara, C. (2013). Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of copper based nanoparticles as agrochemicals against Phytophthora infestans. RSC Advances, 3(44), 21743. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42118j
Gruber, P., Marques, M. P. C., Szita, N., & Mayr, T. (2017). Integration and application of optical chemical sensors in microbioreactors. Lab on a Chip, 17(16), 2693–2712. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7LC00538E
Guan, J., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Deng, H., Xu, J., Wang, J., & Yuan, M.-S. (2021). Employing a fluorescent and colorimetric picolyl-functionalized rhodamine for the detection of glyphosate pesticide. Talanta, 224, 121834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121834
Guo, X. (2012). Surface plasmon resonance based biosensor technique: A review. Journal of Biophotonics, 5(7), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201200015
Hariharan, G., & Prasannath, K. (2021). Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.600234
Huang, X., Zhu, Y., & Kianfar, E. (2021). Nano Biosensors: Properties, applications and electrochemical techniques. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 12, 1649–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.048
Husen, A., & Iqbal, M. (2019). Nanomaterials and Plant Potential: An Overview. In Nanomaterials and Plant Potential (pp. 3–29). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05569-1_1
Husen, A., & Jawaid, M. (2020). Nanomaterials for Agriculture and Forestry Applications. In Nanomaterials for Agriculture and Forestry Applications (pp. i–iii). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817852-2.00022-6
Husen, A., & Siddiqi, K. (2014a). Carbon and fullerene nanomaterials in plant system. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 12(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-12-16
Husen, A., & Siddiqi, K. S. (2014b). Phytosynthesis of nanoparticles: concept, controversy and application. Nanoscale Research Letters, 9(1), 229. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-229
Ikram, F., Qayoom, A., Aslam, Z., & Shah, M. R. (2019). Epicatechin coated silver nanoparticles as highly selective nanosensor for the detection of Pb2+in environmental samples. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 277, 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.146
Imada, K., Sakai, S., Kajihara, H., Tanaka, S., & Ito, S. (2016). Magnesium oxide nanoparticles induce systemic resistance in tomato against bacterial wilt disease. Plant Pathology, 65(4), 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12443
Iqbal, M., Raja, N. I., Mashwani, Z., Wattoo, F. H., Hussain, M., Ejaz, M., & Saira, H. (2019). Assessment of AgNPs exposure on physiological and biochemical changes and antioxidative defence system in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L) under heat stress. IET Nanobiotechnology, 13(2), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5041
Iqbal, Z., Khan, M. A., Sharif, M., Shah, J. H., ur Rehman, M. H., & Javed, K. (2018). An automated detection and classification of citrus plant diseases using image processing techniques: A review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 153, 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.032
Kainthola, C., Harsh, N. S. K., Ginwal, H. S., Tripathi, A., Saha, R., & Pandey, A. (2022). New Report of Fusarium flocciferum Causing Rot of Emerging Culm in Dendrocalamus strictus. Indian Forester, 147(12), 1220. https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2021/v147i12/156507
Khater, M., de la Escosura-Muñiz, A., Quesada-González, D., & Merkoçi, A. (2019). Electrochemical detection of plant virus using gold nanoparticle-modified electrodes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1046, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.031
Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Singh, M., Bhatia, R., Bala, J., Sidhu, H. S., & Sindhu, A. (2025). Optical Nanobiosensors in Precision Agriculture (pp. 29–49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8335-2_2
LaConte, L., Nitin, N., & Bao, G. (2005). Magnetic nanoparticle probes. Materials Today, 8(5), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(05)00893-X
Lahiani, M. H., Dervishi, E., Chen, J., Nima, Z., Gaume, A., Biris, A. S., & Khodakovskaya, M. V. (2013). Impact of Carbon Nanotube Exposure to Seeds of Valuable Crops. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5(16), 7965–7973. https://doi.org/10.1021/am402052x
Latif, A., Sheng, D., Sun, K., Si, Y., Azeem, M., Abbas, A., & Bilal, M. (2020). Remediation of heavy metals polluted environment using Fe-based nanoparticles: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and environmental implications. Environmental Pollution, 264, 114728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114728
Lau, H. Y., Wang, Y., Wee, E. J. H., Botella, J. R., & Trau, M. (2016). Field Demonstration of a Multiplexed Point-of-Care Diagnostic Platform for Plant Pathogens. Analytical Chemistry, 88(16), 8074–8081. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01551
Lau, H. Y., Wu, H., Wee, E. J. H., Trau, M., Wang, Y., & Botella, J. R. (2017). Specific and Sensitive Isothermal Electrochemical Biosensor for Plant Pathogen DNA Detection with Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles as Probes. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 38896. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38896
Lavanya, R., & Arun, V. (2021). Detection of Begomovirus in chilli and tomato plants using functionalized gold nanoparticles. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 14203. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93615-9
Lee, J. I., Jang, S. C., Chung, J., Choi, W.-K., Hong, C., Ahn, G. R., Kim, S. H., Lee, B. Y., & Chung, W.-J. (2021). Colorimetric allergenic fungal spore detection using peptide-modified gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 327, 128894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128894
Lei, R., Wu, P., Li, L., Huang, Q., Wang, J., Zhang, D., Li, M., Chen, N., & Wang, X. (2021). Ultrasensitive isothermal detection of a plant pathogen by using a gold nanoparticle-enhanced microcantilever sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 338, 129874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129874
Li, B.-B., Clements, W. R., Yu, X.-C., Shi, K., Gong, Q., & Xiao, Y.-F. (2014). Single nanoparticle detection using split-mode microcavity Raman lasers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(41), 14657–14662. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408453111
Li, M., Gou, H., Al-Ogaidi, I., & Wu, N. (2013). Nanostructured Sensors for Detection of Heavy Metals: A Review. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 1(7), 713–723. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400019a
Li, M., Zhang, P., Guo, Z., Zhao, W., Li, Y., Yi, T., Cao, W., Gao, L., Tian, C. F., Chen, Q., Ren, F., Rui, Y., White, J. C., & Lynch, I. (2024). Dynamic Transformation of Nano-MoS 2 in a Soil–Plant System Empowers Its Multifunctionality on Soybean Growth. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(2), 1211–1222. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09004
Li, Z., Liu, Y., Hossain, O., Paul, R., Yao, S., Wu, S., Ristaino, J. B., Zhu, Y., & Wei, Q. (2021). Real-time monitoring of plant stresses via chemiresistive profiling of leaf volatiles by a wearable sensor. Matter, 4(7), 2553–2570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.06.009
Ligler, F. S. (2009). Perspective on Optical Biosensors and Integrated Sensor Systems. Analytical Chemistry, 81(2), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac8016289
Lin, J., Cai, X., Liu, Z., Liu, N., Xie, M., Zhou, B., Wang, H., & Guo, Z. (2020). Anti‐liquid‐Interfering and Bacterially Antiadhesive Strategy for Highly Stretchable and Ultrasensitive Strain Sensors Based on Cassie‐Baxter Wetting State. Advanced Functional Materials, 30(23). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000398
Loiseau, A., Asila, V., Boitel-Aullen, G., Lam, M., Salmain, M., & Boujday, S. (2019). Silver-Based Plasmonic Nanoparticles for and Their Use in Biosensing. Biosensors, 9(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9020078
Madianos, L., Skotadis, E., Tsekenis, G., Patsiouras, L., Tsigkourakos, M., & Tsoukalas, D. (2018). Ιmpedimetric nanoparticle aptasensor for selective and label free pesticide detection. Microelectronic Engineering, 189, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2017.12.016
Majdinasab, M., Yaqub, M., Rahim, A., Catanante, G., Hayat, A., & Marty, J. (2017). An Overview on Recent Progress in Electrochemical Biosensors for Antimicrobial Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Food. Sensors, 17(9), 1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091947
Majumder, S., & Johari, S. (2018). Development of a gold-nano particle based novel dot immunobinding assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Banana bunchy top virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 255, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.01.015
Malandrakis, A. A., Kavroulakis, N., & Chrysikopoulos, C. V. (2019). Use of copper, silver and zinc nanoparticles against foliar and soil-borne plant pathogens. Science of The Total Environment, 670, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.210
Malhotra, B. D., & Ali, M. A. (2018). Nanomaterials in Biosensors. In Nanomaterials for Biosensors (pp. 1–74). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-44923-6.00001-7
Manion, P. (1991). Tree Disease Concepts. Financial Times Prentice Hall. https://archive.org/details/treediseaseconce0000mani
Marchiol, L., Iafisco, M., Fellet, G., & Adamiano, A. (2020). Nanotechnology support the next agricultural revolution: Perspectives to enhancement of nutrient use efficiency (pp. 27–116). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2019.12.001
Marín Ortiz, J. C., Hoyos Carvajal, L. M., & Botero Fernandez, V. (2023). Detection of significant wavelengths for identifying and classifying Fusarium oxysporum during the incubation period and water stress in Solanum lycopersicum plants using reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of Plant Protection Research. https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2019.129290
Mazaheri Tirani, M., Madadkar Haghjou, M., & Ismaili, A. (2019). Hydroponic grown tobacco plants respond to zinc oxide nanoparticles and bulk exposures by morphological, physiological and anatomical adjustments. Functional Plant Biology, 46(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP18076
Moreno, A., Jordana, A., Grillo, R., Fraceto, L. F., & Jaime, C. (2019). A study on the molecular existing interactions in nanoherbicides: A chitooligosaccharide/tripolyphosphate loaded with paraquat case. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 562, 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.033
Najafi Disfani, M., Mikhak, A., Kassaee, M. Z., & Maghari, A. (2017). Effects of nano Fe/SiO 2 fertilizers on germination and growth of barley and maize. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(6), 817–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2016.1239016
Naresh, V., & Lee, N. (2021). A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors. Sensors, 21(4), 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041109
Nsibande, S. A., & Forbes, P. B. C. (2016). Fluorescence detection of pesticides using quantum dot materials – A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 945, 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.002
Ozansoy Kasap, B. (2018). Modification of zeolites for biosensor applications [School of Natural and Applied Sciences]. https://hdl.handle.net/11511/27108
Pallavi, Mehta, C. M., Srivastava, R., Arora, S., & Sharma, A. K. (2016). Impact assessment of silver nanoparticles on plant growth and soil bacterial diversity. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0567-7
Panferov, V. G., Safenkova, I. V., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2021). The steadfast Au@Pt soldier: Peroxide-tolerant nanozyme for signal enhancement in lateral flow immunoassay of peroxidase-containing samples. Talanta, 225, 121961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121961
Parthasarathy, S., Thiribhuvanamala, G., Muthulakshmi, P., & Angappan, K. (2021). Diseases of Forest Trees and their Management. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003173861
Pasinszki, T., & Krebsz, M. (2020). Synthesis and Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Water Treatment, Environmental Remediation, Catalysis, and Their Biological Effects. Nanomaterials, 10(5), 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050917
Pingarrón, J. M., Yáñez-Sedeño, P., & González-Cortés, A. (2008). Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors. Electrochimica Acta, 53(19), 5848–5866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.005
Qu, F., Zhou, X., Xu, J., Li, H., & Xie, G. (2009). Luminescence switching of CdTe quantum dots in presence of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene to detect pesticides in aqueous solution. Talanta, 78(4–5), 1359–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.02.013
QU, Y., MIN, H., WEI, Y., XIAO, F., SHI, G., LI, X., & JIN, L. (2008). Au–TiO2/Chit modified sensor for electrochemical detection of trace organophosphates insecticides. Talanta, 76(4), 758–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.045
Raliya, R., & Tarafdar, J. C. (2013). ZnO Nanoparticle Biosynthesis and Its Effect on Phosphorous-Mobilizing Enzyme Secretion and Gum Contents in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agricultural Research, 2(1), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0049-z
Rastogi, L., Dash, K., & Ballal, A. (2017). Selective colorimetric/visual detection of Al3+ in ground water using ascorbic acid capped gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 248, 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.03.138
Razmi, A., Golestanipour, A., Nikkhah, M., Bagheri, A., Shamsbakhsh, M., & Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi, S. (2019). Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensing of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 267, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.02.004
Razo, S. C., Panferov, V. G., Safenkova, I. V., Varitsev, Y. A., Zherdev, A. V., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2018). Double-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay for potato virus X based on a combination of magnetic and gold nanoparticles. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1007, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.023
Razo, S. C., Panferova, N. A., Panferov, V. G., Safenkova, I. V., Drenova, N. V., Varitsev, Y. A., Zherdev, A. V., Pakina, E. N., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2019). Enlargement of Gold Nanoparticles for Sensitive Immunochromatographic Diagnostics of Potato Brown Rot. Sensors, 19(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010153
Rehman, A. U., Nazir, S., Irshad, R., Tahir, K., ur Rehman, K., Islam, R. U., & Wahab, Z. (2021). Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 321, 114455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455
Rhouati, A., Majdinasab, M., & Hayat, A. (2018). A perspective on non-enzymatic electrochemical nanosensors for direct detection of pesticides. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 11, 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2018.06.013
Rios, J. J., Yepes-Molina, L., Martinez-Alonso, A., & Carvajal, M. (2020). Nanobiofertilization as a novel technology for highly efficient foliar application of Fe and B in almond trees. Royal Society Open Science, 7(11), 200905. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200905
Rizwan, M., Ali, S., ur Rehman, M. Z., Malik, S., Adrees, M., Qayyum, M. F., Alamri, S. A., Alyemeni, M. N., & Ahmad, P. (2019). Effect of foliar applications of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, oxidative stress, and cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41(3), 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2828-7
Ronkainen, N. J., Halsall, H. B., & Heineman, W. R. (2010). Electrochemical biosensors. Chemical Society Reviews, 39(5), 1747. https://doi.org/10.1039/b714449k
Rossi, L., Fedenia, L. N., Sharifan, H., Ma, X., & Lombardini, L. (2019). Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate and zinc nanoparticles in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 135, 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.005
Sage, A. T., Besant, J. D., Lam, B., Sargent, E. H., & Kelley, S. O. (2014). Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biomolecular Detection Using Nanostructured Microelectrodes. Accounts of Chemical Research, 47(8), 2417–2425. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500130m
Shabaninejad, Z., Yousefi, F., Movahedpour, A., Ghasemi, Y., Dokanehiifard, S., Rezaei, S., Aryan, R., Savardashtaki, A., & Mirzaei, H. (2019). Electrochemical-based biosensors for microRNA detection: Nanotechnology comes into view. Analytical Biochemistry, 581, 113349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.113349
Sharma, A., Shukla, A., Attri, K., Kumar, M., Kumar, P., Suttee, A., Singh, G., Barnwal, R. P., & Singla, N. (2020). Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 201, 110812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110812
Shenashen, M., Derbalah, A., Hamza, A., Mohamed, A., & El Safty, S. (2017). Antifungal activity of fabricated mesoporous alumina nanoparticles against root rot disease of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporium. Pest Management Science, 73(6), 1121–1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4420
Silva, V., Mol, H. G. J., Zomer, P., Tienstra, M., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2019). Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils – A hidden reality unfolded. Science of The Total Environment, 653, 1532–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441
Singh, R., Gautam, N., Mishra, A., & Gupta, R. (2011). Heavy metals and living systems: An overview. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 43(3), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81505
Singh, S., Sangwan, S., Sharma, P., Devi, P., & Moond, M. (2021). Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture: An Emerging Perspective. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 21(6), 3453–3465. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19012
Skládal, P. (2024). Piezoelectric biosensors: shedding light on principles and applications. Microchimica Acta, 191(4), 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06257-9
Srikrishna, D. (2024). Pentagon Found Daily, Metagenomic Detection of Novel Bioaerosol Threats to Be Cost-Prohibitive: Can Virtualization and AI Make It Cost-Effective? Health Security, 22(2), 108–129. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2023.0048
Srivastava, A. K., Dev, A., & Karmakar, S. (2018). Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 16(1), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7
Srivastava, A., & Rao, D. P. (2014). Enhancement of seed germination and plant growth of wheat, maize, peanut and garlic using multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Eur. Chem. Bull, 3, 502–504. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351545900_ENHANCEMENT_OF_SEED_GERMINATION_AND_PLANT_GROWTH_OF_WHEAT_MAIZE_PEANUT_AND_GARLIC_USING_MULTIWALLED_CARBON_NANOTUBES
Srivastava, G., Das, C. K., Das, A., Singh, S. K., Roy, M., Kim, H., Sethy, N., Kumar, A., Sharma, R. K., Singh, S. K., Philip, D., & Das, M. (2014). Seed treatment with iron pyrite (FeS 2 ) nanoparticles increases the production of spinach. RSC Adv., 4(102), 58495–58504. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA06861K
Thundiyil, J. (2008). Acute pesticide poisoning: a proposed classification tool. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(3), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.041814
Tian, X., Liu, L., Li, Y., Yang, C., Zhou, Z., Nie, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018). Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on CuO-TiO2 for sensitive and selective detection of methyl parathion pesticide in ground water. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 256, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.066
Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P. C., & Hillier, J. (1951). A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 11, 55. https://doi.org/10.1039/df9511100055
Turner, A. P. F. (2013). Biosensors: sense and sensibility. Chemical Society Reviews, 42(8), 3184. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35528d
Uniyal, A., Srivastava, G., Pal, A., Taya, S., & Muduli, A. (2023). Recent Advances in Optical Biosensors for Sensing Applications: a Review. Plasmonics, 18(2), 735–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01803-2
Usman, M., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A., Nawaz, A., Cheema, S. A., Rehman, H. ur, Ashraf, I., & Sanaullah, M. (2020). Nanotechnology in agriculture: Current status, challenges and future opportunities. Science of The Total Environment, 721, 137778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137778
Valko, M., Morris, H., & Cronin, M. (2005). Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 12(10), 1161–1208. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867053764635
Vanti, G. L., Nargund, V. B., N, B. K., Vanarchi, R., Kurjogi, M., Mulla, S. I., Tubaki, S., & Patil, R. R. (2019). Synthesis of Gossypium hirsutum ‐derived silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial efficacy against plant pathogens. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4630
Verma, M. S., Chen, P. Z., Jones, L., & Gu, F. X. (2014). “Chemical nose” for the visual identification of emerging ocular pathogens using gold nanostars. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 61, 386–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.045
Verma, M. S., Wei, S.-C., Rogowski, J. L., Tsuji, J. M., Chen, P. Z., Lin, C.-W., Jones, L., & Gu, F. X. (2016). Interactions between bacterial surface and nanoparticles govern the performance of “chemical nose” biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 83, 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.024
Virk, V., Deepak, H., Taneja, K., Srivastava, R., & Giri, S. (2024). Amelioration in nanobiosensors for the control of plant diseases: current status and future challenges. Frontiers in Nanotechnology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2024.1310165
Wang, J., Jiang, C., Wang, X., Wang, L., Chen, A., Hu, J., & Luo, Z. (2016). Fabrication of an “ion-imprinting” dual-emission quantum dot nanohybrid for selective fluorescence turn-on and ratiometric detection of cadmium ions. The Analyst, 141(20), 5886–5892. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AN00868B
Wang, L., Liu, Z., Xia, X., Yang, C., Huang, J., & Wan, S. (2017). Colorimetric detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus using unmodified gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. Journal of Virological Methods, 243, 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.010
Wang, L., Shan, J., Feng, F., & Ma, Z. (2016). Novel redox species polyaniline derivative-Au/Pt as sensing platform for label-free electrochemical immunoassay of carbohydrate antigen 199. Analytica Chimica Acta, 911, 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.016
Wang, M., Huang, J., Wang, M., Zhang, D., & Chen, J. (2014). Electrochemical nonenzymatic sensor based on CoO decorated reduced graphene oxide for the simultaneous determination of carbofuran and carbaryl in fruits and vegetables. Food Chemistry, 151, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.046
Wang, S., Wang, F., Gao, S., & Wang, X. (2016). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Different Rice Cultivars as Influenced by Foliar Application of Nano-silicon. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227(7), 228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2928-6
Wang, Y., Li, B., Liu, J., & Zhou, H. (2019). T4 DNA polymerase-assisted upgrade of a nicking/polymerization amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Watermelon mosaic virus. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 411(13), 2915–2924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01737-x
Yadav, S. K. (2010). Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African Journal of Botany, 76(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.007
Yang, F., Liu, C., Gao, F., Su, M., Wu, X., Zheng, L., Hong, F., & Yang, P. (2007). The Improvement of Spinach Growth by Nano-anatase TiO2 Treatment Is Related to Nitrogen Photoreduction. Biological Trace Element Research, 119(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-007-0046-4
Yetim, N. K., Hasanoğlu Özkan, E., Özcan, C., & Sarı, N. (2020). Preparation of AChE immobilized microspheres containing thiophene and furan for the determination of pesticides by the HPLC-DAD method. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1222, 128931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128931
Zhan, F., Wang, T., Iradukunda, L., & Zhan, J. (2018). A gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for sensitive visual detection of the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1036, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.083
Zhang, M., Chen, W., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Lin, X., Wu, Z., & Li, M. (2013). Multiplex Immunoassays of Plant Viruses Based on Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles Coupled with Immunomagnetic Separation. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/317437
Zhao, Y., Liu, L., Kong, D., Kuang, H., Wang, L., & Xu, C. (2014). Dual Amplified Electrochemical Immunosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Pantoea stewartii sbusp. stewartii. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(23), 21178–21183. https://doi.org/10.1021/am506104r
Zhou, X., Hui, E., Yu, X.-L., Lin, Z., Pu, L.-K., Tu, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Q., Zheng, J., & Zhang, J. (2015). Development of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Lateral Flow Device Capable of Differentiating Phytase Expressed from Recombinant Aspergillus niger phy A2 and Genetically Modified Corn. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(17), 4320–4326. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00188
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dilshad Masih, Suresh Prasad Tiwari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain their rights:
a. The authors retain their trademark and patent rights, as well as any process or procedure described in the article.
b. The authors retain the right to share, copy, distribute, execute and publicly communicate the article published in the Revista Agrotecnológica Amazónica (RAA) (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in the RAA.
c. Authors retain the right to make a subsequent publication of their work, to use the article or any part of it (for example: a compilation of their works, notes for conferences, thesis, or for a book), provided that they indicate the source of publication (authors of the work, journal, volume, number and date).
