Effect of anthropic pressure on three plant strata and its impact on the diversity and distribution of birds in the ZOCRE Morro de Calzada, Peru

Abstract

The loss of habitat caused by human activities causes a decrease in biodiversity and the extinction of species; one of the most affected environments is native or primary forests. This article sought to determine the diversity of avifauna present in three plant strata and analyze their degree of impact and variability with respect to anthropogenic pressure. The investigation was carried out in two areas adjacent to the Morro de Calzada conservation and recovery zone and the interior of the area. The bird samples were carried out between June 2018 and February 2019, with monthly evaluations in each installed transect. The results show that at the level of plant structure in the primary forest the richness amounted to 180 species, in the secondary forests only 66 species of birds and in the cultivation area only 49 species. As a percentage, it was obtained that more than 70% of the bird species existing in cultivation areas compared to the primary forest are absent and / or disappeared. Likewise, a significant percentage of bird species have moved towards the primary forest, so it can be attributed that if this conservation area did not exist, the richness of flora and fauna would have decreased exponentially. It is concluded that, for most birds, the heterogeneity found according to the diversity indices favors their presence in less altered habitats