Risks associated with pneumonia acquired in preschool patients at the Pastor Oropeza Hospital, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51252/rsayb.v5i2.1551Keywords:
Pneumonia, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Vaccination, Social VulnerabilityAbstract
Introduction. Complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a highly prevalent condition in preschool children, whose progression is influenced by biological and social factors. Objective. To determine the risk factors associated with complicated CAP in preschool patients admitted to the "Dr. Pastor Oropeza Riera" Hospital in Barquisimeto (2023-2024). Methodology. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 23 preschool children. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, as well as risk factors, were analyzed through document review. Results. The 4- to 5-year-old age group predominated (61%), as did males (74%) and those from urban areas (87%). Ninety one percent of the patients belonged to Graffar socioeconomic strata IV and V (poverty). Pleural complications were the most frequent (61%), followed by parenchymal complications (necrotizing pneumonia, 22%). The main host risk factors were recurrent respiratory infections (74%) and malnutrition (70%); while among external factors, incomplete vaccination schedules (87%), overcrowding (34%), and lack of breastfeeding (61%) stood out. Conclusions. There is a strong relationship between poverty, immunization failure, and recurrent infections with the development of serious complications in pediatric pneumonia.
Downloads
References
Valery FJ, Parra J, Antana MI. Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad de la población infantil. Consenso de Expertos. Actualización 2025. Parte I: Etiología, aspectos clínicos y diagnósticos. Boletín Venez Infectología [Internet]. 2025 Nov 18;36(1):10–24. Available from: https://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_bvi/article/view/31661
Huezo Vásquez W. Factores de riesgo asociados a la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en menores de cinco años en El Salvador. Alerta, Rev científica del Inst Nac Salud [Internet]. 2025 Apr 30;8(2):209–17. Available from: https://camjol.info/index.php/alerta/article/view/17570
OMS. Neumonía infantil [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia
Cortes-Ramirez J, Wilches-Vega JD, Paris-Pineda OM, Rod JE, Ayurzana L, Sly PD. Environmental risk factors associated with respiratory diseases in children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Heliyon [Internet]. 2021 Apr;7(4):e06820. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844021009233
Matamoros Laura ET, Cueva Peralta FN. Factores asociados a neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en niños menores de 5 años en el Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé, período 2019-2023 [Internet]. Universidad Continental; 2025. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12394/16853
Bianchini Barbosa V, Blandón Montoya LC. CARACTERIZACIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA, CLÍNICA Y PARACLÍNICA DE NIÑOS CON DERRAME PARANEUMÓNICO Y EMPIEMA PLEURAL EN BOGOTÁ EN 2018 [Internet]. Universidad Colegio Mayor Nuestra Señora Del Rosario; 2019. Available from: https://repository.urosario.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/b3e79bf5-91e8-4d88-ac69-e80de951f686/content
Pacheco Sánchez JLA, Luna Paredes M. C, Díaz de Atauri ÁG. Derrame pleural no paraneumónico, quilotórax, hemotórax y mediastinitis. Protoc diagn ter pediatr [Internet]. 2017;1:211–9. Available from: https://static.aeped.es/13_derrame_pleural_5ca624ea7d.pdf
Vera-Romero OE, Huamán-Cueva Z, Gastelo-Salazar KY, Jambo-Mendoza JA, Guerrero-Jaramillo S, Hinostroza-Huamán A, et al. Evaluación del Estado Nutricional en pacientes con neumonia menores de cinco años atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. Rev cuerpo méd HNAAA [Internet]. 2013;6(2). Available from: https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/cuerpomedicohnaaa/v6n2_2013/pdf/a07v6n2.pdf
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud. Boletines Epidemiológicos [Internet]. 2026. Available from: https://mpps.gob.ve/boletines-epidemiologicos/
Méndez Castellano H, Méndez MC de. Estratificación social y biología humana: método Graffar modificado / Social stratification and human biology: Graffar’s modified method. Arch venez pueric pediatr [Internet]. 1986;49(3/4):93–104. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-46483
Moreno-Pérez D, Andrés Martín A, Tagarro García A, Escribano Montaner A, Figuerola Mulet J, García García JJ, et al. Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: tratamiento ambulatorio y prevención. An Pediatría [Internet]. 2015 Dec;83(6):439.e1-439.e7. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1695403314005219
Chen Y, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management. J Clin Med [Internet]. 2023 Mar 14;12(6):2256. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2256
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 María Hevelin Rincón-Barreto, Elizabeth Camacaro-Alvarado, Luis Traviezo-Valles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain their rights:
a. The authors retain their trademark and patent rights, as well as any process or procedure described in the article.
b. The authors retain the right to share, copy, distribute, execute and publicly communicate the article published in the Revista Salud Amazónica y Bienestar (RSAYB) (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in the RSAYB.
c. Authors retain the right to make a subsequent publication of their work, to use the article or any part of it (for example: a compilation of their works, notes for conferences, thesis, or for a book), provided that they indicate the source of publication (authors of the work, journal, volume, number and date).
