Aplicación de biocoagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales: Revisión bibliométrica de métodos y resultados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51252/reacae.v5i2.1438Palabras clave:
Coagulación, Contaminantes, Floculación, Remoción, Tecnologías SosteniblesResumen
La búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles para el tratamiento de aguas residuales ha impulsado el desarrollo y aplicación de biocoagulantes derivados de fuentes vegetales, animales y microbianas. Estos materiales destacan por su biodegradabilidad, baja toxicidad y potencial para reemplazar coagulantes químicos convencionales. El presente estudio desarrolla una revisión bibliométrica sobre el empleo de biocoagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales, utilizando 140 artículos indexados en Scopus entre 1983 y 2025. El análisis se realizó mediante Bibliometrix y VOSviewer, aplicando un umbral mínimo de cinco ocurrencias para identificar términos relevantes y construir mapas de co-ocurrencia. Se obtuvieron cuatro clústeres temáticos que representan las principales líneas de investigación: a Tratamiento de aguas residuales con biocoagulantes y desempeño del proceso, Potabilización y calidad del agua para consumo humano mediante el uso de biocoagulantes, Coagulantes naturales y alternativas sostenibles, Optimización experimental y metodología. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento sostenido de la producción científica durante la última década, con liderazgo de países asiáticos y africanos. Además, los estudios experimentales evidencian eficiencias superiores al 80 % en la remoción de turbidez, color y materia orgánica. En conjunto, el análisis demuestra que los biocoagulantes representan una alternativa viable y ambientalmente favorable para mejorar la calidad del agua tratada.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Delmester Chuquimbalqui-Marina, Ivan Chuquimbalqui-Marina, Yrwin Daniel Azabache-Aliaga
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